BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the primary care setting, there are racial and ethnic differences in antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Viral ARTIs are commonly diagnosed in the pediatric emergency department (PED), in which racial and ethnic…

BACKGROUND: Though regional variation in healthcare spending has received national attention, it has not been widely studied in pediatrics. OBJECTIVES: (1) To evaluate regional variation in costs of care for 3 inpatient pediatric conditions, (2) assess potential drivers of variation,…

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether the incidence of low birthweight and rates of infant mortality were associated with Massachusetts health reform in the overall population and for subgroups that are at higher risk for poor health outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Individual-level data on…

ABSTRACT: Perinatal epidemiology examines the variation and determinants of pregnancy outcomes from a maternal and neonatal perspective. However, improving public and population health also requires the translation of this evidence base into substantive public policies. Assessing the…

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of a 1% lidocaine paracervical nerve block on pain during intrauterine device (IUD) insertion compared with a sham block in adolescents and young women. METHODS: We conducted a multisite, single-blind, sham-controlled randomized trial in adolescents…

Many studies have established a link between foster care placement instability and child behavioral problems. Evidence-based interventions for behavioral problems, however, are often unavailable to children in foster care given challenges of recruiting behavioral health providers,…

As recently as 2014, the U.S. military reported rates of child abuse and neglect that were 45 percent lower than those of the general population. However, recent PolicyLab research suggests that the U.S. Army may be unaware of a large proportion of child maltreatment cases among…

Youth living with HIV (YLWH) are less likely than older adults to achieve and sustain viral suppression. While treatment guidelines recommend decreased viral load (VL) monitoring in individuals with well-controlled HIV, the appropriateness of this strategy for adolescents is unknown…

PURPOSE: We explored attitudes and beliefs pertaining to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among unmarried, female, resettled Bhutanese refugees 16–20 years. METHODS: Fourteen interviews were analyzed using the constant comparison method, and major themes were identified. …

PURPOSE: We aimed to estimate group-based trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in a longitudinal cohort of young women and determine the association between sexual identity and BMI trajectory group, adjusting for obesity risk factors. METHODS: We analyzed data from females in waves…